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Biochem. J. 436, 387–397. The novel Nrf2-interacting factor KAP1 regulates susceptibility to oxidative stress by promoting the Nrf2-mediated cytoprotective response. 2011

Maruyama, A., Nishikawa, K., Kawatani, Y., Mimura, J., Hosoya, T., Harada, N., Yamamato, M. and Itoh, K.

Notes: These authors first used a FLAG-tagged protein (nfr2) with a HeLa Nuclear extract and captured interacting proteins via SDS-PAGE and in-gel digests of bands to identify (Krüppel-associated box)-associated protein 1 (KAP1) as a potential interacting partner. Human KAP1 was purchased as a HaloTag® CMV Flexi® Vector from Kazusa and used in a Mammalian PullDown scenario (with HaloLink™ Resin) to demonstrate interaction between the two proteins. A reporter assay was used to show that KAP1 facilitates Nrf2 transactivation in a dose-dependent manner. The authors defined the interaction sites using GST-tagged nrf2 and various forms of KAP1-HaloTag® Fusions expressed in TNT® SP6 High-Yield Wheat Germ Extract. GST-tagged proteins were expressed in E. coli and bound to glutathione-Sepharose beads. These bound proteins were mixed with the KAP1 from the cell-free expression system, incubated for 4 hours at 4°C, washed and stained with the HaloTag® TMR Ligand for 30 minutes. The proteins from the pull-down assay were subjected to SDS-PAGE and the HaloTag® proteins detected by phosphorimaging and the GST proteins by Coomassie Brilliant Blue Staining. A two-hybrid system consisting of the pRL-TK Vector with a firefly luciferase reporter with Gal4 UAS, mouse Nrf-2 N-terminal domain and KAP1 was also used. The vectors were transfected into Nrf2 knockout MEFs for 4 hours then incubated for 36 hours before luciferase expression was determined using the Dual-Luciferase® Reporter Assay System. (4123)

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Med. Vet. Entomol. 25, 58–63. The potential of house flies to act as a vector of avian influenza subtype H5N1 under experimental conditions. 2011

Wanaratana, S., Panyim, S. and Pakpinyo, S.

Notes: To investigate if house flies could act as a vector for avian influenza virus H1N5, flies exposed to the virus were homogenated and the homogenate used to inoculate 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). Allantoic fluids were collected from the eggs, RNA purified from the samples and the presence of H1N5 assessed using M-specific primers and the AccessQuick™ RT-PCR System and looking for the 276bp amplimer. (4339)

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J. Biol. Chem. 286, 19478–19488. Thrombomodulin is silenced in malignant mesothelioma by a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-mediated epigenetic mechanism. 2011

Nocchi, L., Tomasetti, M., Amati, M., Neuzil, J., Santarelli, L. and Saccucci, F.

Notes: Thrombomodulin (TM) expression was examined by isolating genomic DNA from biopsies of human malignant mesothelioma and normal mesothelial tissue, and cultured cell lines with or without PARP1 silencing treated with 5-aza-2´-deoxycytidine and trichostatin alone or in combination and then subjected to biosulfide modification. To analyze methylation of TM, a CpG island in the promoter, 5´ UTR and an exon region containing 44 CpG dinucleotides were PCR amplified, cloned into the pGEM®-T Easy Vector, transformed and positive clones selected using IPTG/X-Gal and analyzed by PCR. Colonies were cultured, the plasmids isolated using the Wizard® Plus SV Minipreps DNA Purification System then 10 clones
from each sample type were sequenced. (4132)

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Genome Res. 20, 1590-604.
Next-generation sequencing identifies the natural killer cell microRNA transcriptome
2010

T. A. Fehniger, T. Wylie, E. Germino, et al.

Notes: RNasin was used in the small RNA library preparation step before sequencing on an Illumina platform.


(4532)

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J. Biochem. 148, 721–32. A recombinant catalytic domain of matriptase induces detachment and apoptosis of small-intestinal epithelial IEC-6 cells cultured on laminin-coated surface. 2010

Mochida, S., Tsuzuki, S., Inouye, K. and Fushiki, T.

Notes: The authors determined that a recombinant catalytic domain of rat matriptase (His6t-S-CD) caused detachment of small-intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6 cells) from laminin-coated plates. His6t-S-CD was expressed in the yeast P. pastoris and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration through a PD-10 column, then Ni2+-chelating chromatography using HisLink™ Resin. The authors also treated IEC-6 cells with purified His6t-S-CD to determine if this domain induced apoptosis by monitoring annexin-V staining, DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity. For the DNA fragmentation analysis, IEC-6 cells were treated with His6t-S-CD, then harvested, and genomic DNA was purified using the Wizard® SV Gel and PCR Clean-Up System. DNA fragmentation was assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. (4100)

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Cancer Res. 70, 9641–9. An illegitimate microRNA target site within the 3' UTR of MDM4 affects ovarian cancer progression and chemosensitivity. 2010

Wynendaele, J., Böhnke, A., Leucci, E., Nielsen, S.J., Lambertz, I., Hammer, S., Sbrzesny, N., Kubitza, D., Wolf, A., Gradhand, E., Balschun, K., Braicu, I., Sehouli, J., Darb-Esfahani, S., Denkert, C., Thomssen, C., Hauptmann, S., Lund, A., Marine, J.C. and Bartel, F.

Notes: The authors identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3´ untranslated region (3´ UTR) of MDM4, which promotes tumorigenesis by decreasing p53 tumor suppressor function, in ovarian cancer cells. This A to C transversion creates a putative target site for the hsa-miR-191 microRNA in the MDM4-C allele, but not the wildtype MDM4-A allele. To determine if this SNP affects MDM4 translation efficiency or mRNA stability, the authors cloned a 224-bp fragment of the MDM4 3´UTRs into the psiCHECK™-2 Vector and transfected the ovarian cancer cell line A2780 with the 224A or 224C variants of the MDM4 3´ UTR. The authors used the luciferase-based psiCHECK™-2 Vector and Dual-Glo® Luciferase Assay System to show that the C variant dramatically reduces translation efficiency and/or mRNA stability. They also assessed MDM4 expression levels in A/A, A/C and C/C ovarian cancer cells and tissues using RT-qPCR. qPCR primers for MDM4 were designed using the Plexor® Primer Design Software, and assays were performed using the Plexor® qPCR System. (4157)

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Nucl. Acids Res. 38, 522–33. An integrated pipeline for next-generation sequencing and annotation of mitochondrial genomes 2010

Jex, A.R., Hall, R.S., Littlewood, D.T. and Gasser, R.B.

Notes: Wizard® SV Gel and PCR Clean-Up System was used to clean up genomic DNA isolated from parasitic nematodes isolated from a variety of animals. Species identification of each nematode specimen was determined via PCR amplification of specific nuclear DNA followed by purification of the amplified product using Wizard® PCR Preps DNA Purification System before sequencing using BigDye chemistry. Wizard® SV Gel and PCR Clean-Up System was also used to prepare amplicons generated by long-PCR of mt genomes from the nematodes before NGS sequencing. Results from NGS were confirmed using PCR-based sequencing of short mt DNA tracts. Short mtDNA regions were amplified by conventional PCR. Amplicons were purified using Wizard® PCR Preps DNA Purification System before sequencing using BigDye chemistry. (4533)

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J. Exp. Bot. 61, 395–404. CELL WALL INVERTASE 4 is required for nectar production in Arabidopsis. 2010

Ruhlmann, J.M., Kram, B.W. and Carter C.J.

Notes: The authors used microarray analysis to identify genes that are differentially expressed in nectaries of Arabidopsis and may be involved in nectar synthesis and secretion. One of these genes was cell wall invertase 4 (cwinv4). The authors generated two Arabidopsis cwinv4 mutant lines to study gene function and used GoTaq® Green Master Mix to confirm the mutant genotype. Expression patterns of cwinv4 in wildtype Arabidopsis and an ortholog from Brassica rapa were examined in various tissues by RT-PCR. The reverse transcription step was performed using the Reverse Transcription System and 0.1µg of RNA. (4093)

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Am. J. Bot. 97, 1574–8. Clonal structure of wild populations and origins of horticultural stocks of Illicium parviflorum (Illiciaceae). 2010

Newell, D.L. and Morris, A.B.

Notes: The authors investigated genetic diversity in a Florida population of Illicium parviflorum, an endangered evergreen shrub, by amplifying intersimple sequence repeats (ISSRs). Amplifications were performed using GoTaq® Hot Start Polymerase. (4161)

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Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76, 3863–8. Comparison of normalization methods for construction or large multiplex amplicon pools for next-generation sequencing 2010

Harris, J.K., Sahl, J.W., Castoe, T.A., Wagner, B.D., Pollack, D.D. and Spear, J.R.

Notes: GoTaq® Master Mix was used for PCR of bacterial ribosomal RNA genes prior to pyrosequencing. (4529)

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Genetics 184, 119–28. Detection, validation, and downstream analysis of allelic variation in gene expression. 2010

Ciobanu, D.C., Lu, L., Mozhui, K., Wang, X., Jagalur, M., Morris, J.A., Taylor, W.L., Dietz, K., Simon, P. and Williams, R.W.

Notes: Sequence variation within a gene, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), can lead to differences in expressions levels of corresponding mRNAs; genes that are self-regulated by this mechanism (cis modulation) are difficult to identify accurately with existing techniques. The authors used bioinformatic and molecular approaches to estimate error rates when identifying cis-modulated transcripts and developed a simple method to detect these transcripts in C57BL/6J F1 hybrid mice. This method, which they named allelic specific expression, is RT-PCR-based and uses PCR primers that flank an informative SNP to quantify the differential expression levels of transcripts. GoTaq® Flexi DNA Polymerase was used in the PCR. (4051)

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Am. J. Pathol. 177, 2347–56. Development of sporadic microsatellite instability in colorectal tumors involves hypermethylation at methylated-in-tumor loci in adenoma. 2010

de Maat, M.F., Narita, N., Benard, A., Yoshimura, T., Kuo, C., Tollenaar, R.A., de Miranda, N.F., Turner, R.R., van de Velde, C.J., Morreau, H. and Hoon, D.S.

Notes: The authors examined the methylation status of methylated-in-tumor (MINT) loci and the degree of microsatellite instability (MSI) in colorectal cancer to determine if methylation of MINT loci during the progression of adenoma to cancer was linked to MSI. They used on-slide sodium bisulfite modification and methylation-specific PCR to examine the methylation index in paraffin-embedded tissue blocks containing normal, adenoma and cancer tissues. MSI status was determined using the MSI Analysis System. Patients with instability at more than 4 markers were classified as MSI-high, and patients with instability at more than 1 marker were considered microsatellite-stable. (4106)

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J. Biomol. Scr. 15, 418–26. Epitope mapping of antibodies using a cell array-based polypeptide library. 2010

Maier, R.H., Maier, C.J., Rid, R., Hintner, H., Bauer, J.W. and Onder, K.

Notes: The authors developed a high-density protein array using a recombinant peptide library to map the epitope recognized by a commercially available anti-vitamin D receptor (VDR) monoclonal antibody. By screening 2304 overlapping VDR peptides, they were able to identify the 37-amino-acid epitope. The library was created by amplifying the 1.2kb VDR coding region, cleaning the PCR product with the Wizard® SV Gel and PCR Clean-Up System, sonicating the PCR product, then cloning the VDR fragments into a bacterial expression vector that confers a glutathione-S-transferase (GST) tag. The epitope was verified by showing that the 37-amino-acid sequence was recognized in Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the full-length VDR, also expressed as GST fusion protein, was used as a positive control. These GST fusion proteins were purified using the MagneGST™ Protein Purification System. (4154)

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Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76, 3590–9. Growth of bacteria on 3-nitropropionic acid as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. 2010

Nishino, S.F., Shin, K.A., Payne, R.B. and Spain, J.C.

Notes: The authors identified a bacterial strain that can use the toxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3NPA) as its sole carbon and nitrogen sources and cloned the genes that encode the enzymes responsible for the initial steps in the 3NPA degradation pathway. The Pseudomonas library used to clone these genes was created using genomic DNA isolated using the Wizard® SV Genomic DNA Purification System. Closely related genes were amplified from other bacterial species for phylogenetic analysis. PCRs were performed using the GoTaq® Hot Start Polymerase. (4164)

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Clin. Can. Res. 16, 1391–401. High-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization in sporadic and celiac disease-related small bowel adenocarcinomas. 2010

Diosdado, B., Buffart, T.E., Watkins, R., Carvalho, B., Ylstra, B., Tijssen, M., Bolijn, A.S., Lewis, F., Maude, K., Verbeke, C., Nagtegaal, I.D., Grabsch, H., Mulder, C.J., Quirke, P., Howdle, P. and Meijer, G.A.

Notes: To better examine the molecular mechanisms of small bowel adenocarcinomas, DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue and tested for microsatellite instability (MSI) using the MSI Analysis System, Version 1.2. The PCR products were run on the Applied Biosystems 3130 Genetic Analyzer and analyzed using GeneScan® software. If two or more of the BAT-25, BAT-26, NR-21, NR-24 or MONO-27 monomorphic markers had altered lengths, the tumors were designated as MSI unstable. (4112)

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Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76, 829–42. Lysogeny and sporulation in Bacillus isolates from the Gulf of Mexico. 2010

Mobberley, J., Authement, R.N., Segall, A.M., Edwards, R.A., Slepecky, R.A. and Paul, J.H.

Notes: Certain bacteriophages can promote host cell sporulation under unfavorable conditions to increase survival of the host and prophage. These types of phages, known as spore-converting phages, have been found in terrestrial Bacillus species. In this article the authors examined the effect of prophages on sporulation of 11 Bacillus isolates from the Gulf of Mexico. Potential prophages in the Bacillus isolates were detected by PCR using unique PCR primer sets for each prophage genome and GoTaq® Green Master Mix. One of these isolates, B14905, was examined in more detail; the genome of this isolate was isolated using the Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification Kit, then sequenced. (4091)

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Vet. Pathol. 47, 163–6. Peliosis hepatis in cats is not associated with Bartonella henselae infections. 2010

Buchmann, A.U., Kempf, V.A., Kershaw, O. and Gruber, A.D.

Notes: The vasculoproliferative disorder peliosis hepatis has been linked to Bartonella henselae infection in humans and dogs. The authors sought to determine if this is true in cats, the natural reservoir for B. henselae, using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and PCR. Tissue sections from 26 cats with peliosis hepatis were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded and subjected to IHC using a B. henselae-specific antibody. To detect B. henselae DNA, PCR was performed using GoTaq® Flexi DNA Polymerase, genus-specific primers for the pap31 gene of Bartonella, 1mM MgCl2 and total DNA isolated from 8µm paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The presence of Bartonella DNA was confirmed by PCR using species-specific primers that target the B. henselae heat-shock protein (htrA). These studies found no link between B. henselae infection and peliosis heptis in cats. (4094)

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J. Exp. Bot. 61, 191–202. Physiological and molecular changes in Oryza meridionalis Ng., a heat-tolerant species of wild rice. 2010

Scafaro, A.P., Haynes, P.A. and Atwell, B.J.

Notes: The authors compared seedling growth rates, photosynthesis rates and expression levels of heat-responsive genes in the heat-resistant wild rice Oryza meridionalis and the domesticated rice O. sativa when grown at optimal and elevated temperatures. Proteins that were up- or downregulated in response to heat were identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with nano liquid chromatography on line with tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS). Trypsin was used to cleave proteins prior to nanoLC-MS/MS. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed using the GoTaq® Green Master Mix to determine if the heat-responsive proteins were transcriptionally regulated. (4092)

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J. Bacteriol. 192, 4720–31. Pmr, a histone-like protein H1 (H-NS) family protein encoded by the IncP-7 plasmid pCAR1, is a key global regulator that alters host function. 2010

Yun, C.S., Suzuki, C., Naito, K., Takeda, T., Takahashi, Y., Sai, F., Terabayashi, T., Miyakoshi, M., Shintani, M., Nishida, H., Yamane, H. and Nojiri, H.

Notes: The authors investigated the expression of genes encoding histone-like (H-NS) proteins from the self-transmissible pCAR1 plasmid and Pseudomonas putida KT2440 genome, as well as the interaction of H-NS family members in vitro. Gene expression was quantified using quantitative RT-PCR and RNA templates that were treated with RQ1 RNase-Free DNase to degrade contaminating DNA. Interactions between Pmr and other H-NS proteins were monitored using pull-down assays. His-tagged Pmr was expressed in E. coli, purified and used as bait for FLAG-tagged H-NS family proteins. Protein purification of His-tagged proteins was performed using the MagneHis™ Protein Purification System. (4119)

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RNA 16, 239–50. Poly(A)-binding protein modulates mRNA susceptibility to cap-dependent miRNA-mediated repression. 2010

Walters, R.W., Bradrick, S.S. and Gromeier, M.

Notes: The authors investigated the mechanism of microRNA (miRNA)-mediated regulation of both endogenous mRNAs and artificial reporter constructs. To determine whether an m7G cap and poly(A) tail are required for repression, the authors created plasmids containing eight synthetic, tandem miR-30 recognition sequences in the 3´ untranslated region (UTR) of a Renilla luciferase gene under the control of a 5´UTR that confers either cap-dependent or cap-independent translation. They used these plasmids as a template for in vitro transcription, then transfected in vitro transcripts with and without an m7G cap and poly(A) tail into 293T cells, along with miR-30 miRNA (and miR-21 as a negative control). Similar experiments were performed by transfecting 293T cell with the Renilla luciferase constructs and miR-30 and miR-21 expression vectors. Finally, the authors exchanged the artificial 3´ UTR of the Renilla luciferase construct with the 3´ UTR of BACH1, a transcription factor that is regulated by miR-155, and cotransfected 293T cells with the BACH1 3´ UTR construct and an miR-115 expression vector to examine regulation via an endogenous 3´ UTR. The Promega Primer Extension System was used to compare miR-21, miR-30 and miR-155 RNA levels in transfected and untransfected 293T cells to determine endogenous levels of these miRNAs. Renilla luciferase activity was determined using the Renilla Luciferase Assay System. The authors used Northern blot analysis and quantitative RT-PCR to determine Renilla luciferase RNA levels (and GAPDH levels for normalization purposes). The Plexor® One-Step qRT-PCR System was used for qRT-PCR. (4048)

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Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76, 2783–90. Revelation by single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping that mutations leading to a premature stop codon in inlA are common among Listeria monocytogenes isolates from ready-to-eat foods but not human listeriosis cases. 2010

Van Stelten, A., Simpson, J.M., Ward, T.J. and Nightingale, K.K.

Notes: Listeria monocytogenes uses the internalin A protein (InlA) to cross the intestinal barrier and cause foodborne illness. Mutations in inlA can introduce a premature stop codon, producing a truncated InlA protein that is secreted rather than associated with the bacterial cell wall. Strains with these inlA mutations have reduced virulence. The authors describe an inlA single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based genotyping assay to distinguish isolates with the inlA mutations and use this assay to screen >1,000 L. monocytogenes isolates from ready-to-eat foods and human listeriosis cases. The assay involves amplification of the full-length inlA gene using GoTaq® Colorless Master Mix, purification of amplified products, then single-base-pair extension reactions. (4099)

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Cereb. Cortex 20, 2333–47. Serotonin 3A receptor subtype as an early and protracted marker of cortical interneuron subpopulations. 2010

Vucurovic, K., Gallopin, T., Ferezou, I., Rancillac, A., Chameau, P., van Hooft, J.A., Geoffroy, H., Monyer, H., Rossier, J. and Vitalis, T.

Notes: The authors characterized mouse neocortical interneurons that express 5-HT3A, a ligand-gated cation channel activated by 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), during embryonic development. Transgenic mice that expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of the 5-HT3A promoter were created. Single 5-HT3A-expressing neurons within 300µm brain sections of transgenic mice at various stages of embryonic development were subjected to whole-cell path-clamp recordings to examine their electrophysiological properties. To confirm activation of the 5-HT3A promoter in these cells, GFP expression was visualized by fluorescence microscopy without breaking the patch clamp seal. The contents of these single neurons then were aspirated and expelled into a 10µl reverse transcription reaction. After the reverse transcription, PCR was performed to simultaneously detect mRNAs encoding two isoforms of glutamic acid decarboxylase, three calcium-binding proteins, three neuropeptides, two transcription factors and reelin, a protein thought to be involved in neuronal migration and morphology. Two rounds of PCR using nested primers were required to detect these mRNAs. PCRs were performed using GoTaq® DNA Polymerase. Amplified products were visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis, using the 100bp DNA Ladder as a size standard. (4096)

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Nucl. Acids Res. 38, 6985-96. Targeted next-generation sequencing of DNA regions proximal to a conserved CXGXXG signaling motif enables systematic discovery of tyrosine kinase fusions in cancer 2010

Chmielecki,J., Peifer, M., Socci, N.D., Hutchinson, K., Viale, A., Zhao, Z., Thomas, R.K. and Pao, W.

Notes: Human Genomic DNA:Male was used as a negative control in standard PCR and Sanger Sequencing to confirm fusion genomic breakpoints identified by NGS experiments. (4534)

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J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 135, 291–302. Transcriptional profiling of rapidly growing cucumber fruit by 454-pyrosequencing analysis 2010

Ando, K. and Grumet, R.

Notes: The Wizard® SV Gel and PCR Clean-Up System was used to purify PCR products prior to pyrosequencing. (4546)

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Genetics 182, 133–144. A proximal centriole-like structure is present in Drosophila spermatids and can serve as a model to study centriole duplication. 2009

Blachon, S., Cai, X., Roberts, K.A., Yang, K., Polyanovsky, A., Church, A. and Avidor-Reiss, T.

Notes: These authors studied the formation of centrioles in Drosophila spermatids. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole flies using the Wizard® SV Genomic DNA Purification System. The DNA was then subjected to PCR, purified and sequenced. RNA was purified from whole flies using the SV Total RNA Isolation System. After RNA extraction, the samples were used in RT-PCR. (4064)

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